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Supreme Court Takes Up 'Under God' Case
God was not part of the original pledge. Congress inserted it in 1954, after lobbying by religious leaders during the Cold War.
The Supreme Court wrangled Wednesday over whether a California father had the right to challenge the words ''under God'' in the Pledge of Allegiance on behalf of his daughter.
The subject of Michael Newdow's right to bring the lawsuit dominated the beginning of arguments in the landmark case to decide if the classroom salute in public schools violates the Constitution's ban on government-established religion.
Terence Cassidy, attorney for a suburban Sacramento school district where Newdow's 9-year-old daughter attends classes, told justices that the girl's mother opposed the lawsuit. ''The ultimate decision-making authority is with the mother,'' he said.
Newdow had sued the school and won, setting up the landmark appeal before a court that has repeatedly barred school-sponsored prayer from classrooms, playing fields and school ceremonies. But justices could dodge the issue altogether if they decide that Newdow needed the mother's consent, because she has primary custody.
''He says 'I have my own rights, I have a right as a father to try to influence this child,''' Justice Anthony M. Kennedy said.
Chief Justice William H. Rehnquist said that the issues raised in the case ''certainly have nothing to do with domestic relations.'' And, Justice David H. Souter said that Newdow could argue that his interest in his child ''is enough to give him personal standing.''
Solicitor General Theodore Olson, the Bush administration lawyer arguing for the school district, said that the mother was concerned that her daughter had been ''thrust into the vortex of this constitutional case.''
He said the Pledge of Allegiance should be upheld as a ''ceremonial, patriotic exercise.''
A new poll shows that Americans overwhelmingly support the reference to God. Almost nine in 10 people said the reference to God belongs in the pledge despite constitutional questions about the separation of church and state, according to an Associated Press poll.
Dozens of people camped outside the court on a cold night, bundled in layers and blankets, to be among the first in line to hear the historic case. ''I just wanted to have a story to tell my grandkids,'' said Aron Wolgel, a junior from American University.
More than 100 supporters of the pledge began the day reciting the pledge and emphasizing the words ''under God.''
''After today, this court will decide whether America remains one nation under God or whether we shake a fist in God's face,'' the Rev. Rob Schenck, president of the National Clergy Council, told a crowd of people carrying signs that read: ''I support the pledge.''
Some supporters of the California father, outnumbered about four-to-one, shouted over the speeches of pledge proponents. They carried signs with slogans like ''Democracy Not Theocracy.''
God was not part of the original pledge written in 1892. Congress inserted it in 1954, after lobbying by religious leaders during the Cold War. Since then, it has become a familiar part of life for a generation of students.
Newdow compared the controversy to the issue of segregation in schools, which the Supreme Court took up 50 years ago in Brown v. Board of Education.
''Aren't we a better nation because we got rid of that stuff?'' Newdow, a 50-year-old lawyer and doctor arguing his own case at the court, asked before the argument.
The AP poll, conducted by Ipsos-Public Affairs, found college graduates were more likely than those who did not have a college degree to say the phrase ''under God'' should be removed. Democrats and independents were more likely than Republicans to think the phrase should be taken out.
Justices could dodge the issue altogether. They have been urged to throw out the case, without a ruling on the constitutional issue, because of questions about whether Newdow had custody when he filed the suit and needed the mother's consent.
The girl's mother, Sandra Banning, is a born-again Christian and supporter of the pledge.
''I object to his inclusion of our daughter'' in the case, Banning said Wednesday on ABC's ''Good Morning America'' show. She said she worries that her daughter will be ''the child who is remembered as the little girl who changed the Pledge of Allegiance.''
Absent from the case is one of the court's most conservative members, Justice Antonin Scalia, who bowed out after he criticized the ruling in Newdow's favor during a religious rally last year. Newdow had requested his recusal.
The case is Elk Grove Unified School District v. Newdow, 02-1624.
Source: AP